All these aforementioned findings, and others such as the synergy of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling with the actions of TLR receptors in the priming of Th2 and Th17 immune responses (126), directly implicate NOD1 and NOD2 and their signaling pathways in several mechanisms and cells related to asthma development and exacerbation. The gene discussed is NOD1; the disease is asthma.