In agreement with these previous findings but in the context of asthma, our group has shown that in vitro stimulation of human dendritic cells obtained from asthmatics with a NOD1 ligand results in the production of IL6 and IL8, and interestingly enough of the pro-Th2 chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 (125). The gene discussed is NOD1; the disease is asthma.