In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD1 antibody nivolumab and anti-PD-L1 agents atezolizumab, has shown strong antitumor activity in a subset of HCC patients by blocking the interaction of PD1 with its ligands, thereby preventing exhaustion or dysfunction of effector T cells (15). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.