The xenograft model was constructed with PC3 cell, which is not prostate cancer cells but a human NSCLC cell line (details in Materials and methods), and PC9 cells, both of which carry different types of oncogenic mutation in exon19 of the EGFR gene41,42 and are closely associated with TGF-β signaling for its progression.28 This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and prostate carcinoma.