Hyper-expression of ADCY1 has been identified in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) (Sethna et al., 2017), which is predominantly caused by mutations in the FMR1 (Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) gene and deficient expression of its gene product FMRP (FMR1 protein). The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is fragile X syndrome.