APOE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Lactobacillus acidophilus modulated oxidative stress, inflammatory process (Chen et al., 2013), and lipid metabolism via regulating reverse cholesterol transport in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice (Huang et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2019), while Bifidobacterium displayed an effect of decreasing visceral fat mass in people (Rath et al., 2017), subsequently ameliorated the progression of AS, and mitigating effects on HFD-induced obesity was accompanied with an increased Muribaculaceae level (Ohue-Kitano et al., 2019).