NFE2L2 and Alzheimer disease: For example, studies have shown that artether treatment can increase the expression of p-MAPK and the phosphorylation of GSK3β at the Ser9 site in both Aβ1-42-treated PC12 neuronal cultures and in the brain cortex of 3xTg-AD mice and upregulate the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, thereby triggering the activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes (Li et al., 2019).