More importantly, our latest findings demonstrated that MR, a major iridoid glycoside derived from CO, could effectively attenuate cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis development (Yu et al., 2021), comparable to the therapeutic effect of CO-containing formulae (Wang et al., 2018a; Yang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021c). This evidence concerns the gene NR3C2 and osteoarthritis.