TLR4 and Stroke: The release of LPS, endotoxin found on the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria, activates an innate immune response by binding Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) (Kawai and Akira, 2010) and is linked to exacerbating brain injury, stroke development and neuroinflammation (Macrez et al., 2011; Klimiec et al., 2016; Kurita et al., 2020).