Herein, spherical nucleic acid (SNA)liposomal nanoparticle conjugates that incorporate a newly designedantisense DNA sequence specifically against PD-L1 (immune checkpointinhibitor SNAs, or IC-SNAs) are explored as a strategy for blockingPD-1/PD-L1 signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.