TYMS and cancer: In addition to inhibiting COX-2 and DPD, some NSAIDs can potentiate the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on tumor growth in parallel with the induction of apoptosis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase or increasing the expression of p53, c-jun, caspase-3, Bax, etc. Based on the results of cell culture in the present study, ketorolac is able to reduce the viability of cancer cells, which confirms the role of NSAIDs in cancer management.