In addition to inhibiting COX-2 and DPD, some NSAIDs can potentiate the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on tumor growth in parallel with the induction of apoptosis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase or increasing the expression of p53, c-jun, caspase-3, Bax, etc. Based on the results of cell culture in the present study, ketorolac is able to reduce the viability of cancer cells, which confirms the role of NSAIDs in cancer management. This evidence concerns the gene JUN and neoplasm.