HMOX1 and cardiomyopathy: Fang et al. found that the mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiomyopathy by upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) through Nrf2, which degrades heme, increases free iron in cardiomyocytes, leads to lipid oxidation, and then damages mitochondrial structure and function [31].