LHB and Anxiety: The activation of CaMKII+ neurons in the bilateral LHb may induce pain and anxiety via LHb regulation of the 5-HT, dopaminergic (Li et al., 2017; Metzger et al., 2021), and overall reward systems (Wang et al., 2017) given its complex network of nerve projections (Hetu et al., 2016; Browne et al., 2018).