We found that, in the total study population, the relative expression of DLX6-AS1 was higher (1.35 ± 0.74 vs. 1.04 ± 0.51, P = 0.008) in the DR group than in the T2DM group, whereas the relative expression of PRINS (0.99 ± 0.14 vs. 1.20 ± 0.25, P < 0.001) and FAM190A-3 (1.04 ± 0.14 vs. 1.09 ± 0.13, P = 0.038) was lower in the DR group. This evidence concerns the gene CCSER1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.