TNF and triple-A syndrome: This hypothesis was tested in two experimental murine AAA-models: 1) intraluminal porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion of the infrarenal aorta to test the effects of selective inhibition of solTNF by XPro1595 and non-selective inhibition of TNF by ETN on AAA expansion; and 2) chronic angiotensin II (ANGII) infusion in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E (Apoe)–/– mice to test only the effect of XPro1595 on AAA expansion.