TNFR1-positive cells were primarily limited to fibroblast-like cells in tunica adventitia of the aneurysmal wall (Figure 7D, arrows) and TNFR1 aneurysmal contents showed a trend toward a 60% reduction after selective TNF inhibition with XPro1595 (Figure 7D, graph), as also seen in the elastase induced aneurysms immunolabeling of TNFR2-positive cells was detected in leukocyte-like cells in tunica adventitia (Figure 7E, arrows), but no difference in the levels of TNFR2 were detected after selective TNF inhibition (Figure 7E, graph). Here, TNFRSF1B is linked to aneurysm.