CXCR4 and age-related macular degeneration: The first described a network characterizing signaling pathways including CXCR4 which is reported with the AMD pathogenesis (29, 30); the second included 3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis which is important for the initiation of early pathological events in retinal degenerative diseases under the presence of oxidative stress (31–33); the third included AMPK signaling which prevents degeneration of photoreceptors and the RPE cells (34, 35).