An interesting strategy utilizing convection-enhanced delivery (CED) to infuse GBM cells with a recombinant form of IL-13 fused to Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (IL13-PE38QQR) was evaluated in a phase 1/2 clinical trials for the treatment of patients with recurrent malignant gliomas (NCT00041587). This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and glioblastoma.