Furthermore, the L. rhamnosus 34-conditioned media downregulated the expression of IL-8, NF-κB and improved TEER value in Caco-2 enterocytes, and ameliorated the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and collagen in HK2 proximal tubular cells, supporting L. rhamnosus 34 as a potential biotherapeutic for chronic kidney disease (CKD) (140). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic kidney disease.