In early in vivo studies, we found that chemotherapy or EGFR-TKIs treatment for patients with EGFR mutations could cause the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells to be upregulated, while the expression of PD-L1 was significantly downregulated after anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment [27]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is neoplasm.