Because PD-1 and PD-L1 have recently been shown to form cis-interactions in artificial lipid structures and in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (Zhao et al., 2018), we investigated whether PD-L1 on non-tumor cells could interact with PD-1 on NK cells using these IL-12/15/18 stimulated NK cells. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.