They summarized that a variety of tumor-related humoral factors and cytokines directly or indirectly influence megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis during cancer progression, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and thrombopoietin (TPO). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and cancer.