Moreover, Calebin A suppressed cancer stem cell (CSC) activation by down-regulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)133, CD44 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1 and promoted apoptosis via inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) as well as survivin and activation of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 (100, 102). This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and cancer.