TNF and neoplasm: In addition, self-accelerating, inflammation-propagating and cancer-promoting events are taking place within cancer cells that can be triggered via various signaling pathways such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- or -β-induced cascades that promote pro-inflammatory master transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) expression and its related gene end products, finally peaking in an tumor environment with improved vitality, proliferation, migration and invasion properties of cancer cells (8).