In rodents, live Akkermansia muciniphila reduced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, steatosis, and gut permeability.95–97 Subsequently, it was discovered that pasteurization enhances its effect on adiposity, insulin resistance and glucose tolerance.96 Clinical data from a randomized-controlled study including overweight/obese, insulin-resistant individuals show that pasteurized A. muciniphila reduces liver dysfunction and inflammation blood marker levels while leaving the overall gut microbiome structure unaffected. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.