CD274 and cancer: As a result, 17% of American patients with stage IV colorectal cancer have given up on the hopeless treatments.10 Recent understanding of the importance of cancer microenvironment is revealing immunological dynamics between cancer cells and the host.9 Strategies for developing adoptive cell therapy, therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. PD-1 and PD-L1) have provided alternative therapies.11,12 However, the current immunotherapy and precision medicine benefit only a few patients whose cancer signature molecules can match the effective drug(s).