In the Aβ1-42-induced AD rat model, Aβ injection into the hippocampus of rats led to the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-5, and TNF-α), mitochondrial dysfunction, demyelination, and axonal damage of neurons [102, 132, 133]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.