Given that FGFR1 is the predominant receptor of FGF family expressed in pulmonary endothelial cells [23] and the important role of FGF10 in lung tissue repair, we hypothesize that stimulation of FGF10/FGFR1 signaling could repair smoke-induced pulmonary glycocalyx injury and endothelial apoptosis, and attenuate COPD and emphysema. Here, FGF10 is linked to pulmonary emphysema.