Surprisingly, FGF10 increased the intensity of HS, CS and syndecan-1 even with a low dose of 10 or 100 μg/kg (Fig. 5), while FGF10 attenuated emphysematous changes when the dose escalated to at least 1 mg/kg (Fig. 4A), indicating that glycocalyx repair is a process prior to repair of emphysema. The gene discussed is SDC1; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.