APP and endothelial dysfunction: Although our studies used female mice due to the increased Aβ burden and pathology that has been observed in female APP/PS1 mice42,43, we suspect that a similar association between enhanced interferon signaling and increased blood brain barrier permeability is also present in male APP/PS1 mice but it may be interesting to address in future studies whether there is sexual dimorphism in the link between interferon signaling and blood brain barrier endothelial dysfunction.