MN firing has been shown to restore BSCB integrity by activating Gi cascades in astrocytes, eventually leading to Wnt7a and Wnt5a transcription.172 These genes promote BBB development and maintenance in utero and throughout life.173-175 Thus, enhanced Gi signaling or increased Wnt expression in administered stem cells may also amplify their potential for ALS treatments. The gene discussed is GNAI1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.