Four major type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) remain primary biomarkers for predicting future diabetes and are distinctive clinical features of islet autoimmunity. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.