TGFB1 and glioma: Specifically, the M1 phenotype possesses antitumor properties, while the M2 phenotype possesses immunosuppressive properties and produces cytokines such as EGF, IL-1B, IL-6, and TGF-B to stimulate the growth, invasion, and migration of gliomas by promoting the formation of tumor-related blood vessels and tumor metastasis [23, 28–30].