AFP and neoplasm: These risk factors, including AFP ≥ 400 kU/L (OR 0.276, P = 0.003), TBIL ≥ 34 mmol/L (OR 0.422, P = 0.015), tumor diameter (TD) ≥ 5 cm (OR 0.423, P = 0.022), and TNM stage (OR 0.238, P < 0.001), were screened by univariate logistic regression analysis.