Furthermore, we validated the increased TREM2 + macrophage in tumors using flow cytometric analysis (Supplementary Fig. 2g, i) and found infiltrated TREM2 + cells within the ccRCC tumor microenvironment by utilizing the public ccRCC spatial transcriptomic data25 (Supplementary Fig. 2h). Here, TREM2 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.