HBE1 and hepatitis B virus infection: Additionally, some studies also measured other serologic markers including anti‐HBc Ab (IgM and IgG), anti‐HBs Ab, HBeAg, anti‐HBe Ab, HBV‐DNA viral load to evaluate the infectivity, and severity of hepatitis B infection.14, 17, 24, 25, 28, 40, 41