In the model of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, CD8+ T cells were induced to control the fungi in the absence of CD4+ T cells by secretion of type 1 cytokines (IFNγ and IL-2), and the depletion of CD8+ T cells increased the fungal burden with a concomitant increase of non-protective IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines (101). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and paracoccidioidomycosis.