In the above context, it is important to recall that stimulation of innate immunity by live-attenuated oral enteroviral IFN-inducing vaccine strains (LEV) in large-scale clinical studies involving about 320,000 people provided temporary protection against seasonal influenza and acute respiratory infections (ARI) between 1968 and 1971 in 16 regions of three republics of the former Soviet Union. Here, IFNA1 is linked to influenza.