The progression of NAFLD to NASH was facilitated by upregulating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3), and down-regulating microRNA-144-3 primer (miR-144-3p) in human NASH liver and wild type (WT) mice fed a western diet (WD). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.