No other significant variables, including age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, health diet, supplementation use, diabetes, hypertension, diuretics use, aspirin use, paracetamol or ibuprofen use, and CRP showed significant effect modifications on the association of glucosamine use with gout incidence in females (all P for interaction ≥ 0.05; Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and gout.