In the context of cancer, the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP were also shown to be altered by constitutive activation of PI3K and the downstream effector phosphoinositide-dependant kinase (PDK1) [51,52], post-transcription modifications through the RAS-MAPK pathway [53], and direct phosphorylation of TEAD3 through increased oncogenic RAS-ERK signalling [22]. Here, YAP1 is linked to cancer.