It was demonstrated that butyrate induces disruption of the subcellular nuclear localization of HDAC5 while in another study, it was shown that butyrate attenuates angiotensin II–induced cardiac hypertrophy I in rats through the inhibition of HDAC5.50,51 Hence, these studies clearly highlighted that butyrate can have an effect on HDAC5 activity and suggest that the beneficial effect of butyrate in IBD could be mediated through HDAC5 inhibition. The gene discussed is HDAC5; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.