In contrast, in colonic mucosa of HF-fed mice, AIEC bacteria infection led to a significant decrease in HDAC1 expression (median HF: 0.738 vs median HF + LF82: 0.332, p < .01) and to a significantly reduced HDAC1/HDAC5 ratio (median HF: 1.925 vs median HF + LF82: 0.904, p < .01), associated with a significant H3 hyperacetylation, which are the conditions we identified as promoting AIEC gut colonization (Figure 6g-k). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC5 and hydrops fetalis.