Under infection with AIEC bacteria, a significant decrease in HDAC1 expression (median Chow + LF82: 0.759 vs median HF + LF82: 0.456, p < .05), an increase in HDAC5 expression as well as a significantly reduced HDAC1/HDAC5 ratio (median Chow + LF82: 6.016 vs median HF + LF82: 2.682, p < .01) associated with H3 hyperacetylation were observed in colonic mucosa of HF-fed mice compared to Chow-fed mice (Figure S8). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC5 and infection.