TXN and neoplasm: As tumor tissues are weakly acidic, a fusion protein Trx-pHLIP-Beclin 1 is designed to specifically accumulate in weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.5); Trx-pHLIP-Beclin 1 induces autophagic cell death in breast and ovarian cancer cells and suppresses growth of ovarian cancer xenografts, without causing systemic toxicity (Ding et al., 2018).