PINK1 and Parkinson disease: The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the brainstem (Wang et al., 2021), which leads to the depletion of striatal dopamine levels (Meder et al., 2019), is the major pathological feature of PD, along with the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs), which mainly consist of misfolded α-synuclein, ubiquitin, PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1), parkin, and other proteins, in the surviving neurons (Cookson, 2005; Abeliovich and Flint, 2006).