The mt-DNA transcriptomes (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, ND1, ND2, and ND3) did not alter by inhibiting ECHDC3 (Figure 8C), whereas knocking down of ECHDC3 promoted the death of leukemia cells in either Ara-C at 0.1–1 μM or DOX at 0.04–0.16 μg/ml (Figures 8D–G). The gene discussed is MT-ND3; the disease is leukemia.