WAPL and acute myeloid leukemia: For example, somatic mutations in the eight genes that comprise the cohesin ring (SMC1A, SMC3, STAG1, STAG2, RAD21) and the cohesin-ring support genes (NIPBL, MAU2, WAPL, PDS5A, PDS5B) and CTCF are frequently found in many cancer types [150] and are especially common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [151–153].