Siemens et al. (2021) analysed the incidence of heart failure in patients with BPH and found an elevated risk in patients treated with alpha-1 antagonists vs. no medication (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 – 1.26) with a slightly higher risk with non-selective vs. selective alpha-1 antagonists (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 – 1.17) [55]. Here, PSMA6 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.