TFEB and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In order to capture TFEB-induced early hepatic changes that contribute to its strong anti-NAFLD effect (Supplementary Fig. 1a-b)23, we conducted global liver metabolomics in mice overexpressing hepatic TFEB and subsequently fed chow or challenged with Western diet (WD) for 1 week (Supplementary Fig. 1c-e).