TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: This finding is in line with a previous study which reported an increased percentage of CD4+ TSCM cells in patients with SLE and that isolated TSCM cells secreted IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐2 and can differentiate into T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that provide B cell help to produce autoantibodies.25