SLC5A2 and chronic kidney disease: Among these, the PS-matching method reduces the effects of confounding factors by selecting only participants with close PS and has been used in some real-world studies, such as CVD-REAL (Comparative Effectiveness of Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of SGLT-2 Inhibitors)29, EMPRISE (Empagliflozin Comparative Effectiveness and Safety)30, and the J-CKD database31.