TNF and neoplasm: Additionally, serum levels of immunostimulatory cytokines including IFN-β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ have increased by varying degrees in 4T1 tumor (4-, 6.7-, 6-, and 4-fold) and B16F10 tumor (5-, 6.5-, 4-, and 3.2-fold) bearing mice (Fig. 7f–i and Supplementary Figs. 25 and 26), validating the successful induction of antitumor immune responses.