Interestingly, while each of these proteins is important for chemoattraction and inflammatory response of macrophages and neutrophils66,84–86, CCL20, as mentioned previously, and IL8 were present in higher levels in PJI compared to NIAF, while MCP-1 and CCL3 were present in lower levels in PJI compared to NIAF. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and juvenile polyposis syndrome.