CEACAM5 and metabolic syndrome: Moreover, increased levels of serum CEA, even within the normal or near-normal range, may be involved in arterial stiffness [22], carotid atherosclerosis [23], abdominal visceral fat accumulation [7], metabolic syndrome [8], metabolic-associated fatty liver disease [24], chronic kidney disease [25], leukoaraiosis [9], and Parkinson’s disease [26] in the general population.