According to our knowledge, there are no comparable studies that compare HBI and markers such as MC4R (rs17782313), CAV-1 (rs3807992), and Cry-1 (rs2287161) with abdominal obesity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women across time. The gene discussed is CRY1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.